The Complete Guide to Electrical Wiring,Item Preview
House Circuit Diagram And Drawing Pdf Free Download Electrical Engineering Pdf Free Download How To use House Electrical Plan Software | Wiring Diagrams with 31/12/ · House wiring made easy: a practical guide for the electrician and home owner by Sears, Roebuck & Co. Publication date Usage Public Domain Mark PDF A free customizable house wiring plan template is provided to download and print. Quickly get a head-start when creating your own house wiring plan. light and outlet locations and how Living Room Kitchen Washroom Bedroom Bedroom Study R R R R S SS R R R R S S S S S S S = Socket S = Switch = Light = Light R = Recessed Light = Electric Cable = TV Cable = House Circuit Diagram And Drawing Pdf Free Download. Basic House Wiring Manual Electrical Download Pdf. ERD | Entity Relationship Diagrams, ERD Software for Mac and Win. ... read more
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Take care not to nick the copper. of cable at each end. and attach cables with cable clamps. Mark the floor grounding clip attached to the frame shown above or a green so the cable will be easy to find after the walls are finished. grounding screw. In boxes with fixture, join grounding wires together complex wiring configurations, also tag the individual wires to make final hookups with a wire connector. If the box has easier. After all cables are installed, your rough-in work is ready to be reviewed by the internal clamps, tighten the clamps over electrical inspector. the cables. pipes, or electrical cables, that indicates fixed reference point used in step 1. Drill From the unfinished space below the the location of the wall above. Choose a a 1" hole down through the top plate wall, use a piece of stiff wire with a location for the new cable that does not and into the stud cavity using a drill hook on one end to retrieve the fish interfere with existing utilities.
Drill a 1" bit extender. tape through the drilled hole in the hole up into the stud cavity. bottom plate. Apply cable-pulling cable up through the stud cavity. This fish tape. lubricant to the taped end of the fish job will be easier if you have a helper tape. feed the cable from below as you pull. This often occurs in two-story homes when a cable is extended from an upstairs wall to a downstairs wall. Cut small openings in the wall near the top and bottom plates, then drill an angled 1" hole through each plate. Extend a fish tape into the joist cavity between the walls and use it to pull the cable from one wall to the next. If the walls line up one over the other left , you can retrieve the fish tape using a piece of stiff wire. If walls do not line up right , use a second fish tape. After running the cable, repair the holes in the walls with patching plaster or wallboard scraps and taping compound.
framing in finished walls. Nail guard Be sure not to tap into a restricted circuit such as the kitchen counter top and bathroom receptacles. To begin, run cable from the receptacle to the stud channel that aligns with the ceiling joists on which New switch location you want to install a fixture. Be sure to plan a location Existing for the new switch. Remove short strips of drywall receptacle from the wall and ceiling. Make a notch in the center of the top. Use a fish tape to pull the new cable up through the wall cavity and the notch in top plates. Next use the fish tape to pull the cable through the Access holes shown larger ceiling to the fixture hole. When you are finished than necessary for clarity pulling the cable, protect the notch with metal nail guards. After having your work inspected, replace the drywall and install the fixture and switch. illustration above. Remove drywall the top of the wall. Protect the notch on the wall and ceiling surface. Where with a metal nail stop.
cable must cross framing members, cut a small access opening in the wall and ceiling surface; then cut a notch into the framing with a wood chisel. Cables and wires that are subject to Pigtail Pigtail physical damage must be installed in conduit or some types of tubing to protect them. Whether a location is subject to physical damage depends on the judgment of the electrical inspector. Cables that are exposed and are within the reach of an adult and most cables installed outside are often considered subject to physical damage. Other exposed locations may also qualify. The interior of conduit and tubing installed Install a green insulated grounding wire for any circuit outside is considered a wet area. Although code allows the metal conduit to serve as the grounding conductor, cable inside conduit installed outside.
Use UF cable most electricians install a green insulated wire as a more instead or pull individual wires rated for wet area use. dependable means of grounding the system. The grounding Conduit and tubing installed outdoors must be rated wires must be connected to metal boxes with a pigtail and for exterior use. grounding screw left or grounding clip right. Sweep forms a gradual 90° bend Elbow fitting is used in tight for ease in wire pulling. corners or for long conduit runs. The cover can be removed to pull long lengths of wire.
Compression fittings are used in outdoor IMC installations, where a rain-tight connection is needed. Screw-in connectors or setscrew connectors are used to connect flexible metal conduit. Conduit should be supported within 3 ft. of each electrical box and fitting and every 10 ft. conduit is difficult to install. It often is used to connect permanently wired appliances, such as a water heater. Plastic PVC conduit and tubing to twelve gauge or nine gauge IMC has thicker galvanized walls and are allowed by many local codes. Use use.
greatest protection for wires, but it is conduit. When wiring with PVC conduit more expensive and requires threaded and tubing, always run a green grounding fittings. EMT is the preferred metal wire. Use material approved for use in material for home use. electrical applications. Do not use PVC plumbing pipes. EMT is available in ft. EMT is used primarily for exposed indoor installations. Setscrew coupling connects lengths Offset fitting connects an indoor of indoor metal conduit. metal electrical box to a conduit anchored flush against a wall. LB conduit fitting is used in outdoor IMC is rated for outdoor conduit installations.
use but can also be used It has watertight indoors. It is connected threaded fittings and with watertight a removable cover. It is available in ft. RNC PVC fitting LB LB PVC offset T Access pull elbow Nonmetallic conduit fittings typically are solvent-welded to Liquid-tight flexible conduit LFC is used in outdoor nonmetallic conduit, as opposed to metal conduit, which can applications, especially around pools and water features and at be threaded and screwed into threaded fittings or attached irrigation controllers. with setscrews or compression fittings. Wipe the cut ends with a dry rag. Also and above , use a power miter box with a fine-tooth or plastic wipe the coupling or fitting to clean it. cutting blade. Wear latex gloves to a quarter turn to help spread the cement. Allow the joint to set protect your hands. The cement should be applied past the undisturbed for 10 minutes. point on the conduit where it enters the fitting or coupling.
location for mounting screws. Boxes for wall with masonry anchors, or use Attach an offset fitting to each knockout receptacles in an unfinished basement masonry anchors and panhead screws. using a locknut. or other damp areas are mounted at least 2 ft. from the floor. Laundry receptacles usually are mounted at 48". Remove any with pipe straps and masonry anchors. sweep fitting using a setscrew fitting or rough inside edges with a pipe reamer Conduit should be anchored within compression fitting. Continue attaching or a round file. Attach the conduit to 3 ft. of each box and fitting and every additional lengths. You can also use a the offset fitting on the box, and tighten 10 ft.
conduit bender inset to make your the setscrew. own sweeps and bends. The cover on power. Open a knockout in the panel, breaker panel outward. Remove the elbow fitting can be removed to attach a setscrew fitting, and install the the cover on an elbow fitting when make it easier to extend a fish tape and last length of conduit. extending the fish tape around pull wires. tight corners. from the end of the wires, and then conduit by pulling on the fish tape with Leave at least 2 ft. of wire at the service insert the wires through the loop at the steady pressure. Note: Use extreme panel and 3" extending beyond the front tip of the fish tape. care when using a metal fish tape inside edges at each electrical box. a circuit breaker panel, even when the power is turned off.
The systems include the boxes that house the switches and receptacles tend to be very shallow and more difficult to work with than ordinary boxes. matching elbows, T-connectors, and various other In some cases, you may choose to run an entirely fittings and boxes that are also surface-mounted. The new circuit with surface-mounted wiring components main advantage to a surface-mounted wiring system is at least starting at the point where the branch circuit that you can add a new fixture onto a circuit without wire reaches the room from the service panel. But cutting into your walls. more often, a surface-mounted wiring circuit ties into Although they are extremely convenient and an existing receptacle or switch. They are not allowed for some connected to the hot wire in the switch box before it specific applications damp areas such as bathrooms, is connected to the switch otherwise, the surface- for example in many areas, so check with the local mounted wiring circuit will be off whenever the building authorities before beginning a project.
And switch is off. After Before Surface-mounted wiring circuits are networks of cable channels and electrical boxes that allow you to run new wiring without cutting into walls. If you have a room with too much demand on a single receptacle inset , installing a surface-mounted circuit with one or more new outlets is a good solution. The tracks house Original receptacle box inside wall THNN wires that run from the new box to new receptacles and light switches. A Lighter-duty plastic raceways A , used frequently in office buildings, are made of snap-together plastic components. For home wiring, look for a heavier E metal-component system B. Both systems D include box extenders for tying in to a receptacle C , elbows, T-connectors, and C couplings D , and boxes for fixtures E.
Remove the cover plate a new receptacle or light see pages to Measure from from the receptacle by unscrewing the screw that holds the the power source to the new receptacle or switch. Purchase plate to the electrical box. Set the screws and the plate aside. enough raceway to cover this distance plus about 10 percent With the cover plate off, you will be able to see the receptacle extra. Buy a surface-mounted starter box, new receptacle box, and the electrical box it is attached to. If your existing and fittings for your project the raceway product packaging receptacle is not a tamper-resistant model replace it with one usually provides guidance for shopping. see page Hold two long screws that hold it to the box. Depending side of the receptacle. If the sensor wires and a bare wire. Detach these wires and set the does not beep or light up, the receptacle is dead and you can receptacle aside. proceed safely. Pull all the wires you just disconnected opening for the track using pliers.
Often the prepunched through the opening. Screw the mounting plate to the knockouts have two profile options—make sure the knockout existing receptacle box with the included mounting screws. you remove matches the profile of your track. out of the starter box. Secure the track or conduit in a vise or clamping work support, and cut with a hacksaw. Once the cut is made, file the metal burrs smooth with a metal file. At the new receptacle location, transfer the height of the top of the starter box and mark a reference line. If possible, locate the box so at least one screw hole in the mounting plate falls over a wall stud. Position the mounting plate for the receptacle box up against the reference line and secure it with screws driven through the mounting plate holes.
If the plate is not located over a wall stud, use wall anchors see below right. Mark screw locations on the wall, and then drill a narrow guide hole for the screw anchor. Drive the anchor into the guide holes until the flange is flush with the wall surface. Ideally anything you attach to a drywall wall should be anchored at a wall stud location. Of course, in the real world this often is not possible. Some work better than others. For this, use coarse-threaded, screw-in anchors. Use a stud finder to locate and mark all of the wall framing members between the old receptacle and the new one. Attach mounting clips for the track at the starter box and the new receptacle box. The clips should these marks. line up with the knockouts. Install the mounting plates directly below the pieces the box. Snap the raceway into the clip below the knockout. of track entering the receptacle boxes. Repeat this same procedure at the new receptacle box.
Snap the long piece of track into the Measure the distance between the ends of the horizontal parts of the elbows, and cut mounting clips. Line up one end of the a length of raceway to that length. Be sure to measure all the way to the base of the track with the end of an elbow and tap clip, not just to the tips of the connector points. the track with a rubber mallet until it is snapped into all of the clips. At the new receptacle location, snake the ends of the wires up through the vertical piece of track and into the new receptacle box. There should be about 3" of wire coming out at each box. Use corner pieces to guide around corners. Corners are available for inside or outside corners and consist of a mounting plate and a cap piece.
You can use straight connector pieces to join two lengths of track. Much like an elbow piece, they have a mounting plate and a cover that snaps over the wiring. Cut black, white, and green THNN wire about 2 ft. longer than the length of each wiring run. Snake the end of each wire into the starter box, through the knockout, and into the vertical track. Then snake the wire all the way through the long piece of track so about 12 to 16" comes out on each end. Begin at the new pieces into place over the mounting plates, one at the starter receptacle location. Wrap the end of the black wire around the box and another at the new receptacle location. You may need bottom gold screw on the side of the receptacle. snap it on. Make sure all of the wire fits completely within the cover pieces.
Connect the green wire to the green-colored screw on bottom of the receptacle align with the holes in the box. Use a the bottom of the receptacle. screwdriver to drive the two long mounting screws that hold the receptacle to the box. Attach the cover plate. First make sure the power is still off with your touchless opposite the gold one you just used. Tighten the screw. circuit tester. Wrap the end of the black wire around the top gold screw on the side of the receptacle. Take the Wrap the end of the old white wire around the silver black wire that goes into the raceway and wrap the end of screw opposite the copper one you just used. Tighten the wire around the bottom gold screw on the side of the the screw.
Join one end receptacle into the box so the holes in the top and bottom of the pigtail with the ends of the bare and green wires in the of the receptacle align with the holes in the box. Use a box using a wire connector. Wrap the other end of the pigtail screwdriver to drive the two long mounting screws that hold around the green screw on the receptacle. the receptacle to the box. Install the cover plate. You can now restore the power and test your new receptacle. The box may be as simple as a small handy box for making a splice or as complex as a amp main service panel. It is typically rectangular, square, round, or octagonal, but be aware that the boxes are shaped as they are for specific reasons, so make sure you are using the right one for the job. Installing a box that is too small is an extremely common wiring mistake that is easy to understand: small boxes cost less. But they are not one-size fits all. The smallest common boxes, called handy boxes, may be used only for a single device such as a switch or receptacle with no more than three conductors.
Be sure to refer to a box fill chart see page 60 to learn which size and shape box is required for your job. Electrical panels function like other electrical boxes insofar as they house connections, but they also house breakers or fuses and other parts that transmit power from the service entry to the individual circuits. Subpanels are smaller electrical panels that perform the same function but are supplied by the main service panel so they can distribute power into multiple circuits in a remote spot. SEE NOTES BELOW Electrical boxes come in several shapes. Wire Size 10 8 14 12 Rectangular and square boxes are used for switches AWG AWG AWG AWG and receptacles. Rectangular 2 × 3" boxes are used for single switches or duplex receptacles. Replace an undersized box with a larger box using the Electrical Box Fill Chart right as a guide. Do not overfill the box inset. for most wiring applications. They are ceiling joists. The metal braces extend Single-size rectangular boxes shown used for cable splices and ganged to fit any joist spacing and are nailed or above may have detachable sides that receptacles or switches.
To install one screwed to framing members. allow them to be ganged together to switch or receptacle in a square box, form double-size boxes. use an adapter cover. Foam gasket Outdoor boxes have sealed seams Old work boxes can be installed to Plastic boxes are common in new and foam gaskets to guard a switch upgrade older boxes or to allow you construction. The box may include or receptacle against moisture. to add new additional receptacles and preattached nails for anchoring it to Corrosion-resistant coatings protect all switches. One type above has built-in framing members. Wall switches must metal parts. Code compliant models clamps that tighten against the inside of have grounding screws if installed in include a watertight hood that protects a wall and hold the box in place.
plastic boxes. even when the outlet is in use. Common styles include single-gang A , double-gang B , and triple-gang C. Double-gang and triple-gang boxes require internal cable clamps. Metal boxes should be used for exposed indoor wiring, such as conduit installations in an unfinished basement. Metal boxes also can be used for wiring that will be covered by finished walls. Plastic retrofit boxes are used when a new switch or receptacle must fit inside a finished wall. Use internal cable clamps. B C A D F E Additional electrical boxes include, cast aluminum box A for use with outdoor fixtures, including receptacles that are wired through metal conduit these must have in-use covers if they house receptacles ; old work ceiling box B used for light fixtures; light-duty ceiling fan box C with brace that spans ceiling joists; heavy-duty retrofit ceiling fan box D designed for retrofit; PVC box E for use with PVC conduit in indoor or outdoor setting; vapor-proof ceiling box with foam gasket F.
A variety of adapter plates are available, have internal cable clamps. After installing cables in the including junction box cover plate A , single-gang B , box, tighten the cable clamps over the cables so they are double-gang C , and light fixture D. Adapter plates gripped firmly, but not so tightly that the cable sheathing come in several thicknesses to match different wall is crushed. Grounding screw Pigtail A B C Metal boxes must be bonded to the circuit grounding Cables entering a metal box must be clamped. A system. Connect the circuit grounding wires to the box variety of clamps are available, including plastic clamps with a green insulated pigtail wire and wire connector as A, C and threaded metal clamps B.
shown or with a grounding clip page Most are sold prefitted with installation hardware—from metal wings to 10d common nails attached at the perfect angle for a nail-in box. The bulk of the nonmetallic boxes sold today are inexpensive blue PVC. You can also purchase heavier-duty fiberglass or thermoset plastic models that provide a nonmetallic option for installing heavier fixtures such as ceiling fans and chandeliers. In addition to cost and availability, nonmetallic boxes hold a big advantage over metal boxes in that their resistance to conducting electricity will prevent a sparking short circuit if a hot wire contacts the box.
Nonmetallic boxes generally are not approved Low cost is the primary reason that blue PVC nail-in for exposed areas, where they may be susceptible boxes are so popular. Not only are they inexpensive, they also feature built-in cable clamps so you may not need to buy to damage. Their lack of rigidity also allows them to extra hardware to install them. The standard PVC nail-in box compress or distort, which can reduce the interior is prefitted with a pair of 10d common nails for attaching to capacity beyond code minimums or make outlets exposed wall studs. These boxes, often called handy boxes, are difficult to attach.
too small to be of much use see fill chart, page B A C Nonmetallic boxes for home use include: Single-gang, double-gang, triple gang, and quad boxes A ; thermoset and fiberglass boxes for heavier duty B ; and round fixture boxes C for ceiling installation nail-in and with integral metal bracket. These Nail-in boxes A are prefitted with 10d are not knockouts as you would find in metal boxes. In single-gang boxes right , nails that are attached perpendicular to the pressure from the tab is sufficient to secure the cable as long as it enters with the face of single-gang boxes and at an sheathing intact and is stapled no more than 8" from the box.
On larger boxes left , inward angle for better gripping power you will find traditional knockouts intended to be used with plastic cable clamps that on larger boxes. Side-mount boxes B resemble metal cable clamps. Use these for heavier gauge cable and cable with more feature a nailing plate that is attached than three wires. to the front of the stud to automatically create the correct setback; adjustable side-mount boxes C are installed the same way but can be moved on the bracket. Ribs Distortion can occur in nonmetallic boxes when nails Integral ribs cast into many nonmetallic boxes are used or other fasteners are overdriven or installed at improper to register the box against the wall studs so the front edges angles, or when the semiflexible boxes are compressed into of the box will be flush with the wall surface after drywall improperly sized or shaped openings.
This can reduce the box is installed. be a different thickness you may be able to find a box with corresponding ribs. Otherwise, use a piece of the wallcovering material as a reference. Use your wiring plan as a guide, and follow electrical code height and spacing guidelines when laying out box positions. Always use the deepest electrical boxes that are practical for your installation. Using deep boxes ensures that you will meet code regulations regarding box volume and makes it easier to make the wire connections. Some electrical fixtures, such as recessed light fixtures, electric heaters, and exhaust fans, have built-in wire connection boxes. Install the frames for these fixtures at the same time you are installing the other electrical boxes. The box heights recommended on the following pages are for most situations. Boxes heights for handicap accessible situations are different. Electrical boxes in adjacent rooms should be positioned close together when they share a common wall and are controlled by the same circuit.
This simplifies the cable installations and also reduces the amount of cable needed. Common recessed fixtures include electric blower-heaters left , bathroom vent fans right , and recessed light fixtures. Install the frames for these fixtures at the same time you are installing the other electrical boxes along the circuit. Surface-mounted fixtures such as electric baseboard heaters pages to and under-cabinet fluorescent lights pages to also have built-in wire connection boxes. These fixtures are not installed until it is time to make the final hookups. Standard Position each box against a stud so the front face will be receptacle boxes should be centered 12" above floor level. flush with the finished wall. the stud, plus the thickness of any additional material, such as tile. Anchor the box by driving the mounting nails into the stud.
Use adapter plates that and screwdriver. Always introduce the rotating a screwdriver in the knockout. match the thickness of the finished wall. new cable through the knockout that is Anchor the box by driving the mounting farthest way from the wall stud. nails into the stud. Nail the ends of the brace bar to joists so the face of the box for a mirror or medicine cabinet. Place will be flush with the finished ceiling surface. Slide the box along the brace bar to the the box for a ceiling light fixture in the desired position, and then tighten the mounting screws. Use internal cable clamps center of the room. Position each box when using a box with a brace bar. the floor. The box for a thermostat is mounted at 48" to 60". Position the box on the cross block so the front face will be Position each box against the side of a stud so the front face flush with the finished wall, and drive the mounting nails into will be flush with the finished wall, and drive the mounting nails the cross block.
into the stud. In the kitchen shown here, boxes above the countertop are 45" above the floor, in the center of 18" backsplashes that extend from the countertop to the cabinets. All boxes for wall switches also are installed at this height. The center of the box for the microwave receptacle is 72" off the floor. The centers of the boxes for the range and food disposer receptacles are 12" off the floor, but the center of the box for the dishwasher receptacle is 6" off the floor. Code requires that the front face of boxes be flush with the finished wall surface, so how you install boxes will vary depending on the type of wall finish that will be used. The easiest way will support heavy chandeliers and ceiling fans.
A remodeling to install one is by nailing the brace to open ceiling joists brace such as the one seen here is designed to install through from above. If the ceiling is insulated, pull the insulation away a small cutout in the ceiling inset photo. Open one knockout for each cable that will enter the box Test for power. Carefully remove any tape or wire connectors using a hammer and screwdriver. Any unopened knockouts from the exposed slice. Disconnect the illegally spliced wires. should remain sealed. Tighten the clamp with a box, and screw a locknut onto each or nails. See if there is any slack in cable clamp. the cables so you can gain a little extra cable to work with. Locknut 6 7 Grounding screw 8 Lugs Cover plate Tighten the locknuts by pushing Use wire connectors to reconnect Carefully tuck the wires into the box, against the lugs with the blade of the wires. Pigtail the copper grounding and attach the cover plate. Turn on the a screwdriver.
wires to the green grounding screw in power to the circuit at the main service the back of the box. Make sure the box remains accessible and is not concealed by finished walls or ceilings. You also may find that an older switch or receptacle box is too shallow to accommodate a new dimmer or GFCI safely. A pop-in box typically has wings, tabs, or brackets that are drawn tight against the wall surface on the wall cavity side, holding the box in place. It can be made either of metal or plastic. For walls, they include plastic retrofit boxes with flip-out wings A , metal or plastic boxes with compression tabs or Screwdriver Wallboard saw brackets B , metal retrofit boxes with flip-out wings C , and Pencil Template if provided metal boxes with bendable brackets, also known as F-straps, String Plastic or metal pop-in box D.
For ceilings, plastic fixture boxes with flip-out wings E Electrical tape Eye protection are available. Shut off power and they fall into the wall cavity when the old box is removed. remove the old switch or receptacle. Identify the location Disconnect the cable clamps and slide the old box out. Install a of nails holding the box to the framing member and cut the new pop-in box see next page. nails with a hacksaw or reciprocating saw with a metal blade inserted between the box and the stud. If no of a wallboard saw or by drilling a small the box no cable clamp is required with template is provided, press the pop-in hole inside the lines, and make the a plastic box; just be sure not to break box against the wall surface and trace cutout for the box. the pressure tab that holds the cable its front edges but not the tabs on the in place. top and bottom. Variation: Feed cable into the new Tighten the screws that cause the flip-out wings to pivot right until the box is held box and secure it in the opening after firmly in place.
Connect the switch or receptacle that the box will house. clamping the cables. With this pop-in box, bracket arms are inserted at the sides of the box top and then bent around the front edges to secure the box in the opening bottom. The main panel may be found in the basement, garage, amp Service Panel utility area, or on an exterior wall and can be identified by its metal casing. Before making any repair to your electrical system, you must shut off power to the correct circuit at the main panel or at the subpanel where the circuit begins. Every circuit in every panel should be labeled see page 22 so circuits can be identified easily. Panels vary in appearance, depending on the age of the system. Very old wiring may operate on amp service that has only two circuits.
New homes can have up to amp service with 30 or more circuits. Find the size of the service by reading the amperage rating printed on the main fuse block or main circuit breakers. Regardless of age, all panels have fuses or circuit breakers see pages 78 to 81 that protect each circuit from overloads. In general, older service panels use fuses, while newer panels use circuit breakers. In addition to the main panel, your electrical system may have one or more subpanels that protect some of the circuits in the home. A subpanel has its own circuit breakers or fuses.
The subpanel resembles the main service panel but is usually smaller. It may be located near the main panel, or it may be found near the areas served by the new circuits. Garages and basements that have been updated often have their own subpanels. If your home has subpanels, make sure that their circuits are indexed correctly. When handling fuses or circuit breakers, make sure the area around the panel is dry. Never remove the protective cover on the panel. After turning off a circuit to make electrical repairs, remember to always test the circuit for power before touching any wires. The main panel is the heart of your wiring system. As our demand for household energy has increased, the panels have also grown in capacity.
Today, a amp panel is often installed in new construction. Many homebuilders are installing dual amp panels to deliver amps to larger houses. A pair of amp panels is much cheaper than one amp panel. A circuit breaker panel is housed in a gray metal cabinet that contains two rows of individual circuit breakers. You can determine service size by reading the amperage rating of the main circuit breakers. In systems rated amps and below, the main breaker is often located in the main panel, but it may be in a separate cabinet located elsewhere. Larger new homes may have or amp service. These systems usually have two main circuit breakers in the main panel and at least one subpanel. A amp service panel is now the minimum standard for all new housing. It is adequate for a medium-sized house with no more than three major electric appliances.
However, larger houses with more electrical appliances require a service panel that provides amps or more. Panel index To shut off power to individual circuits Circuit breaker in a circuit breaker panel, flip the lever on the appropriate circuit breaker to the OFF position. To shut off the power to the entire house, turn the main circuit breakers to the OFF position. It usually is housed in a gray metal cabinet that contains four individual plug fuses, plus one or two pull-out fuse blocks that hold cartridge fuses. A amp panel is considered undersized by current standards. The system should be upgraded for both convenience and safety. Insurance companies and mortgage lenders may require a complete electrical system upgrade before issuing a homeowner insurance policy or approving mortgage financing. To shut off power to a circuit, carefully unscrew the plug fuse, touching only its insulated rim. To shut off power to the entire house, hold the handle of the main fuse block and pull sharply to remove it.
Major appliance circuits are controlled with another cartridge fuse block. Shut off the appliance circuit by pulling out this fuse block. It divides the current into touching any parts inside the panel. Never touch the branch circuits that are carried throughout the house. service wire lugs. If unsure of your own skills, hire an Each branch circuit is protected by a circuit breaker electrician to make the final circuit connections. If that protects the wires from dangerous current you have an older electrical service with fuses instead overloads. When installing new circuits, the last step of circuit breakers, always have an electrician make is to connect the wires to new circuit breakers at the these final hookups. Follow basic safety procedures and always shut volt branch Grounding conductor circuits leads to metal grounding rods driven into the earth or to other grounding electrodes.
circuit breaker. These wires are always HOT. Neutral service wire carries current back to the power source after Grounding bus bar has it has passed through terminals for linking the home. grounding wires to the main grounding conductor. It is bonded to the neutral bus bar. Main circuit breaker protects the panelboard Two hot bus bars run from overloads and through the center of disconnects power to the panel, supplying all circuits in power to the circuit the panel. Each carries volts. Neutral bus bar has setscrew terminals for linking all neutral Subpanel feeder circuit wires to the breaker is a neutral service wire. double-pole breaker. Never touch any parts inside a circuit breaker Otherwise, you will need to install a subpanel. panel until you have checked for power see page Before installing any new wiring, evaluate your Circuit breaker panels differ in appearance, electrical service to make sure it provides enough depending on the manufacturer.
Never begin work in current to support both the existing wiring and any new a circuit breaker panel until you understand its layout circuits. If your service does not provide enough current, and can identify the parts. you will need to upgrade to a higher amp rating panel with enough extra breaker slots for the new circuits you want to install. Circuit breaker subpanel can be Neutral bus bar installed when the main circuit has setscrew Grounding bus bar has breaker panel does not have enough termi nals for setscrew terminals space to hold circuit breakers for new linking neutral for connecting circuit circuits you want to install. circuit wires grounding wires. to the neutral Single-pole circuit In a circuit breaker feed wire. breaker transfers subpanel, the grounding volts of power from bus bar is not bonded to one hot bus bar to the the neutral bus bar.
black hot wire in a Two hot two-wire cable. feeder wires supply volts of volt power to branch circuit the two hot bus bars. Neutral feeder wire connects the neutral bus bar in the subpanel to the neutral volt isolated bus bar in ground circuit the main service panel. through the center of the transfers power from both hot bus A amp, volt service panel, supplying bars to white and black hot wires in a subpanel requires power to the individual two-wire cable. Each neutral wire connection; the white wire controlled by a carries volts of power. is tagged with black tape to identify it amp double-pole as a hot wire. Fuses and circuit breakers are located in the main service panel and in subpanels. GFCI Most service panels installed before rely circuit on fuses to protect individual circuits. Screw-in plug breaker fuses protect volt circuits that power lights and receptacles.
Cartridge fuses protect volt appliance circuits and the main shutoff of the service panel. Inside each fuse is a current-carrying metal alloy ribbon. If a circuit is overloaded, the metal ribbon melts and stops the current flow. A fuse must match the amperage rating of the circuit. Never replace a AFCI circuit amp breaker double-pole fuse with one that has a larger amperage rating. Single-pole circuit Circuit breakers are found in the majority of panels installed breakers protect volt circuits, and double-pole since the s. Single-pole breakers control volt circuits. Double-pole breakers rated for 20 to 60 amps control volt circuit breakers protect volt circuits.
Amperage circuits. Ground-fault circuit interrupter GFCI provides ratings for circuit breakers range from 15 to amps. protection from shocks. Arc-fault circuit interrupter AFCI Each circuit breaker has a permanent metal strip breakers provide protection from fire-causing arcs for the that heats up and bends when current passes through entire circuit. Circuit breakers are listed to trip twice. After the second trip they weaken and tend to nuisance trip at lower currents. Replace breakers that have tripped more than twice—they may fail. When a fuse blows or a circuit breaker trips, it is usually because there are too many light fixtures and plug-in appliances drawing power through the circuit. Move some of the plug-in appliances to another circuit, and then replace the fuse or reset the breaker. If the fuse blows or the breaker trips again immediately, there may be a short circuit in the system.
Call a licensed electrician if you suspect a short circuit. Plug fuses usually control volt circuits rated for 15, 20, or 30 amps. Tamper-proof plug fuses have threads that fit only matching sockets, Edison adapter making it impossible to install a wrong-sized fuse. Time-delay fuses absorb temporary heavy power loads without blowing. you use an Edison adapter. Be sure to screw the fuse into the adapter first, and then screw the assembly into the socket. If the metal ribbon Unscrew the fuse, being careful to touch only the insulated inside is cleanly melted left , the circuit was overloaded. If rim of the fuse. Replace it with a fuse that has the same window is discolored right , there was a short circuit. amperage rating. If the tester glows, the fuse is pulling sharply. If not, install a new fuse with the same amperage rating. The lever on the by pressing the circuit breaker lever all by pushing the TEST button.
The breaker tripped breaker will be either in the OFF the way to the OFF position and then should trip to the OFF position. If not, position or in a position between ON pressing it to the ON position. the breaker is faulty and must be and OFF. After this is done, the work is ready for the final inspection. Circuits are connected at the main panel, if it has enough open slots, or at a circuit breaker subpanel see pages 74— When working at a subpanel, make sure the feeder breaker at the main panel has been turned off, and test for power see photo, right before touching any parts in the subpanel.
Make sure the circuit breaker amperage does Setscrew terminals not exceed the ampacity of the circuit wires you are connecting to it. Also be aware that circuit breaker styles and installation techniques vary according Neutral bus bar to manufacturer. Use breakers made by the panel manufacturer. You should install AFCI circuit breakers for most and amp, volt circuits inside the home. With the main breaker turned off but all other breakers turned on, touch one probe of a neon tester to the Screwdriver Circuit tester neutral bus bar, and touch the other probe to each setscrew Hammer Pliers on one of the double-pole breakers not the main breaker. If the tester does not light for either setscrew, it is safe to work in Pencil Cable clamps the panel. clamp to the knockout. Strip the cable from the marked Remove the panel cover plate, taking line to the end using a cable ripper. There care not to touch the parts inside the should be 18" to 24" of excess cable. Test for power photo, top.
Insert the cable through the clamp and into the service panel, and then tighten the clamp. Insert the wire to an open setscrew terminal on the panel to an open setscrew terminal on into the setscrew terminal on a new grounding bus bar. Insert the wire the neutral bus bar. tighten the setscrew. Fold excess wire from the wire using a combination around the inside edge of the panel. Insert the wire into the terminal opening, and tighten the setscrew. Connect white wire to the room for the new circuit breaker. A into place.
Breaker installation may vary, neutral bus bar, and the grounding single-pole breaker requires one tab, depending on the manufacturer. Fold wire to grounding bus bar. For volt while a double-pole breaker requires excess black wire around the inside circuits bottom , attach white and two tabs. Reattach the cover plate, and edge of the panel. black wires to the double-pole breaker, label the new circuit on the panel index. tagging white wire with black tape. There is no neutral bus bar connection on this circuit. Even brand-new switches can fail to function correctly. This is why most professional electricians will pay the extra couple of dollars to buy a quality switch out of the gate. It is also why most of them routinely test each switch for continuity before installing it see pages 98 to The most basic switches for home wiring are single-pole switches, which control only one fixture and have only two screw or push-in terminals not counting the grounding screw.
Next, three-way switches and four-way switches have more installation possibilities and control circuits that are more complicated to wire. Dimmer switches, isolated ground switches, and motion-sensor switches are some of the other switch options. Use caution when you handle switches. The wires are usually attached to screw terminals on the sides of the fitting, which makes them very easy to contact if you grab the switch. Always shut off the power to the switch before removing the switch cover plate. Also shut off the power at the service panel if you will be working downline from the switch—never count on a switch that is open to function as a breaker. Because switches receive constant use, wire connections can loosen and existing switches show wiring that does not comply with these new requirements. This is because you will probably see non-compliant wiring for many years to switch parts gradually wear out.
If a switch no longer come. Pictures and instructions about installing new operates smoothly, it must be replaced. switch wiring show wiring that complies with these The methods for replacing a switch vary slightly, new requirements. depending on the switch type and its location along an One change requires that a wire with white electrical circuit. When working on a switch, use the insulation should not supply current to a light or photographs on pages 86 to to identify your switch receptacle, even when the wire is marked as hot. A type and its wiring configuration.
Individual switch black or red colored wire should supply current to styles may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but the device. A white colored wire, marked as hot, may the basic switch types are universal. supply current to the switch. It is possible to replace most ordinary wall switches The other change requires that a neutral wire with a specialty switch, such as a timer switch or an be available at switch boxes. An exception allows electronic switch. When installing a specialty switch, you to ignore this requirement if the switch box make sure it is compatible with the wiring configuration is accessible from above or below, such as from a and size of the switch box. Notice: Two changes in the basement, crawlspace, or attic. This new requirement NEC affect how new switch wiring should be installed. is intended to allow easier installation of devices, such These changes do not affect existing switch wiring.
The as intelligent switch controllers, that need power for pictures and instructions in this book about replacing controller operation. Ground terminal Metal arm Screw terminals Power out Power in Switch housing cut away for clarity A typical wall switch has a movable metal arm that opens and closes the electrical circuit. When the switch is ON, the arm completes the circuit and power flows between the screw terminals and through the black hot wire to the light fixture. When the switch is OFF, the arm lifts away to interrupt the circuit, and no power flows. Switch problems can occur if the screw terminals are not tight or if the metal arm inside the switch wears out. Many in the s. This early design has a and
Download Electrical Wiring Books — We have Learnengineering. The Listed Books are used by students of top universities,Institutes and top Colleges around the world. These Books provides an clear examples on each and every topics covered in the contents of the book to enable every user those who are read to develop their knowledge. The reason is the electronic devices divert your attention and also cause strains while reading eBooks. Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure. Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation.
Allowable wire and cable types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating voltage and electric current capability, with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals. Wiring safety codes vary by locality, country or region. The International Electrotechnical Commission IEC is attempting to harmonise wiring standards amongst member countries, but significant variations in design and installation requirements still exist. Please Note : This Electrical Wiring Books Collection list is not the final book list. We will be Frequent Update the New Books in this list as per Viewers Comments and Shares.
LearnEngineering team try to Helping the students and others who cannot afford buying books is our aim. we provide the links which is already available on the internet. For any quarries, Disclaimer are requested to kindly contact us , We assured you we will do our best. We DO NOT SUPPORT PIRACY, this copy was provided for students who are financially troubled but deserving to learn. Thank you. Please Note : This list is not the final book list. We will be Frequently Update the New Books in this list as per the Viewers Comments and Shares. A Practical Guide to the 17th Edition of the Wiring Regulations By Christopher Kitcher. Design and Control Strategy of Power train in Hybrid Electric Vehicles By Alexandre Ravey. Electric Cables Handbook 3rd Edition By Cables. Electric Wiring: Domestic By J. Coker and W. Electric Wiring: Domestic 12th Edition By Brian Scaddan.
Electric Wiring: Domestic 13th Edition By Brian Scaddan. Electrical Power Cable Engineering By William A. Electrical Wiring Residential By Ray C. Mullin and Phil Simmons. Guide to the Wiring Regulations: 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations By Darrell Locke. Modern Wiring Practice: Design and Installation By W E Steward and T A Stubbs. Wireless Power Transfer Fundamentals and Technologies By Eugen Coca. Wiring Systems and Fault Finding for Installation Electricians 4th Edition By Brian Scaddan. We need Your Support, Kindly Share this Web Page with Other Friends. WISHING EVERY PERSON WHO GETS THIS MATERIAL FROM OUR SITE ALL THE VERY BEST!! Also Check : [PDF] Electric Wiring: Domestic 12th Edition By Brian Scaddan Free Download. Contents 1 About Electrical Wiring 2 List of Books 3 Download Links 4 Other Useful Links. Herewith we listed mostly used Electrical Wiring Books by the students and professors of top Universities, Institutions and Colleges.
The Top and Best Electrical Wiring Books collection are listed below as a table as well as PDF Download Link. Is This Material is Helpful to you Kindly Share It!!! Other Useful Links. Click Here To Download Mechanical Engineering Textbooks Huge Collection. Click Here To Download Civil Engineering Textbooks Huge Collection. Click Here To Download Computer Science and Engineering Textbooks Huge Collection. Best Electrical Wiring Books Collection. A Practical Guide to the 17th Edition of the Wiring Regulations. Design and Control Strategy of Power train in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Electric Cables Handbook 3rd Edition. Electric Wiring: Domestic.
Electric Wiring: Domestic 12th Edition. Electric Wiring: Domestic 13th Edition. Electrical Power Cable Engineering. Electrical Wiring Residential. Ray C. Guide to the Wiring Regulations: 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations. Terry Kennedy and John E. Modern Wiring Practice: Design and Installation. W E Steward and T A Stubbs. Wireless Power Transfer Fundamentals and Technologies. Wiring Systems and Fault Finding for Installation Electricians 4th Edition.
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